2024-03-28T12:05:34Zhttp://oai.recercat.cat/request
oai:recercat.cat:2072/1795492013-11-12T15:05:59Zhdl_2072_179535 am 3u dc2012-01-30T14:31:34ZBone metastases are the result of a primary cancer invasion which spreads into the bone marrow through the lymphogenous or hematogenous pathways. Bone metastases are a common complication of cancer.The primary cancers that most frequently metastasize to bone are breast and prostate cancer (65 - 75 %) amongst many others (thyroid 42 %, lung 36 % or kidney 35 %) (Suva et al., 2011). Although the exact incidence of bone metastases is unknown given its dependence on the type of primary cancer, it is estimated that 350,000 people die of bone metastases annually in the United States.[Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Ed.] Medical Imaging, 2011, p.339-354http://hdl.handle.net/2445/21498engOssosMetàstasiRadiologia mèdicaBonesMetastasisMedical radiologyAdvances in medical imaging applied to bone metastases
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2084332020-02-14T15:06:50Zhdl_2072_179535 am 3u dcNeurodegeneration is a complex process involving different cell types and
neurotransmitters. A common characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders such as
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the occurrence of a neuroinflammatory
reaction in which cellular processes involving glial cells (mainly microglia and astrocytes) and T cells are activated in response to neuronal death. This inflammatory reaction has recently received attention as an unexpected potential target for the treatment of these diseases.
Microglial cells have a mesenchymal origin, invade the central nervous system (CNS)
prenatally (Chan et al., 2007b) and are the resident macrophages in the CNS (Ransohoff &
Perry, 2009). They comprise approximately 10-20% of adult glia and serve as the CNS innate
immune system. In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia is activated by misfolded
proteins. In the case of AD, amyloid- (A) peptides accumulate extracellularly and activate the microglia locally. In the case of PD, ALS and HD, the misfolded proteins accumulate intracellularly but are still associated with activation of the microglia (Perry et al., 2010). Reactive microglia in the substantia nigra and striatum of PD brains have been described, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase have
been detected in these brain regions, providing evidence of a local inflammatory reaction (Hirsch & Hunot, 2009). The injection of lipopolysaccharide (a potent microglia activator) into the substantia nigra produces microglial activation and the death of dopaminergic cells. These findings support the hypothesis that microglial activation and neuroinflammation
contribute to PD pathogenesis (Herrera et al., 2000)...http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34285engMicrògliaMalalties neurodegenerativesMicrogliaNeurodegenerative diseasesMicroglia, Calcification and Neurodegenerative Diseases
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2084342020-02-14T15:06:51Zhdl_2072_179535 am 3u dcInjury to the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, traumatic brain injury and
spinal cord injury, cause devastating and irreversible damage and loss of function. For
example, stroke affects very large patient populations, results in major suffering for the patients and their relatives, and involves a significant cost to society. CNS damage implies disruption of the intricate internal circuits involved in cognition, the sensory-motor functions, and other important functions. There are currently no treatments available to properly restore such lost functions. New therapeutic proposals will emerge from an understanding of the interdependence of molecular and cellular responses to CNS injury, in particular the inhibitory mechanisms that block regeneration and those that enhance
neuronal plasticity...http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34287engLesions cerebralsMalalties neurodegenerativesBrain damageNeurodegenerative diseasesMolecular Mechanisms of Acute Brain Injury and Ensuing Neurodegeneration