2024-03-28T11:42:39Zhttp://oai.recercat.cat/request
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2285442014-05-07T08:40:36Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dc2014-05-07T08:40:36ZLa experiencia que se presenta se llevó a cabo en la asignatura troncal Farmacolo-gía y Terapéutica II del grado de Farmacia de la Universidad de Barcelona. El objeti-vo general fue integrar los contenidos teóricos de la asignatura con el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el aula, utilizando un sistema de aprendizaje guiado, la WebQuest (WQ). Además, se quería ayudar a los alumnos a adquirir una serie de competencias transversales del grado de Farmacia, concreta-mente: 1) compromiso ético, 2) trabajo en equipo; 3) habilidades de comunicación e información para tratar con pacientes y usuarios del centro donde se desarrolle la actividad profesional.Podeu consultar la Setena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43352http://hdl.handle.net/2445/50629catWebquestaInternet en l'ensenyamentCompetències transversalsEducació superiorCiències de la salutEnsenyamentCongressosWebquestInternet in educationGeneric competencesHigher educationMedical sciencesTeachingCongressesÚs de la WebQuest com a eina per l'adquisició de competències transversals del Grau de Farmàcia
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2285482014-05-07T08:40:37Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dc2014-05-07T08:40:37ZEl Grado de Farmacia ofrece a los estudiantes una completa formación teórico-práctica tal y como se sugirió en la construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Avanzando un poco más, desde el Decanato de la Facultat de Farmàcia se ha querido proveer al alumnado de una serie de herramientas que les faciliten la incorporación en el mundo laboral una vez hayan terminado el grado. Conjuntamente con el Decanato, el Servei d’Atenció a l’Estudiant (SAE) ha sido el punto de apoyo necesario para llegar a ofrecer sesiones de gran interés para el alumnado dirigidas por especialistas.Podeu consultar la Setena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43352http://hdl.handle.net/2445/52345catCiències de la salutEnsenyamentCongressosMedical sciencesTeachingCongressesPassaport a la professió: nova activitat del grau de Farmàcia
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2216032014-09-10T22:35:58Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA double side-reaction, consisting in the formation of Fmoc--Ala-OH and Fmoc--Ala-AA-OH, during the preparation of Fmoc protected amino acids (Fmoc-AA-OH) with Fmoc-OSu is discussed. Furthermore, the new Fmoc-2-MBT reagent is proposed for avoiding these side-reactions as well as the formation of the Fmoc-dipeptides (Fmoc-AA-AA-OH) and even tripeptides, which is another important side-reaction when chloroformates such as Fmoc-Cl is used for the protection of the -amino function of the amino acids.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/48634engReaccions químiquesSíntesi de pèptidsChemical reactionsPeptide synthesisFmoc-2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), for the Introduction of the Fmoc Moiety Free of Side-Reactions
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2006882014-09-16T22:33:36Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcRecientes investigaciones han puesto de relieve la existencia de 'razas químicas' en varias especies del género Thymus ( 1 ) (2) (3). El polimorfismo químico ha quedado bien demostrado en las labiadas. Los aceites esenciales, sustancias 'secundarias' de las plantas, son principios cuyos procesos biológicos de formación, es decir, la aptitud de cada individuo para que, en función de su patrimonio genético, sintetice unos determinados compuestos, tienen una señalada significación taxonómica.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/30142engTaxonomia botànicaQuimiotaxonomiaPenínsula IbèricaBotanical taxonomyChemotaxonomyIberian PeninsulaEstudio quimiotaxonomico del Thymus piperella L.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2216052014-11-01T23:11:21Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcp-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl was used as temporary protecting group for the -amino function in solid-phase peptide synthesis. The corresponding derivatives are solids, easy to be synthesized, and perform well in the solid-phase mode. pNZ is removed in practical neutral conditions in the presence of catalytic amounts of acid. They are orthogonal with the most common protecting groups used in peptide chemistry. They are specially useful in combination with Fmoc chemistry to overcome those side reactions associated with the used of the piperidine such DKP and aspartiimide formation. The flexibility of pNZ can be very useful for the preparation of libraries of small organic molecules.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/48647engQuímica combinatòriaCombinatorial chemistryp-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (pNZ) as Temporary Na-Protecting Group for Mild Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis. Avoiding Diketopiperazine and Aspartimide Formation
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2216042015-01-23T23:27:57Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcKahalalide compounds are peptides that are isolated from a Hawaiian herbivorous marine species of mollusc, Elysia rufescens, and its diet, the green alga Bryopsis sp. Kahalalide F and its synthetic analogues are the most promising compounds of the Kahalalide family because they show anti-tumoral activity. Linear solid-phase syntheses of Kahalalide F have been reported. Here we describe several new improved synthetic routes based on convergent approaches with distinct orthogonal protection schemes for the preparation of Kahaladide analogues. These strategies allow a better control and characterization of the intermediates because more reactions are performed in solution. Five derivatives of Kahalalide F were synthesized using several convergent approaches.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/48635engPèptidsMedicaments antineoplàsticsProductes marins naturalsPeptidesAntineoplastic agentsMarine natural productsConvergent Approaches for the Synthesis of the Anti-tumoral Peptide, Kahalalide F. Study of Orthogonal Protecting Groups
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2476762015-03-12T23:17:50Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcA long-standing question in evolutionary biology is what defines a species. The biological species concept considers a species as a population of individuals that interbreeds freely and produces viable offspring. Therefore, reproductive isolation is the essence of species. Hybrid necrosis is one form of post-zygotic reproductive isolation. In this chapter, we summarize what is known to date about this phenomenon and highlight progress made in the understanding of these immune-triggered hybrid incompatibilities through our research in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63971engArabidopsis thalianaBiologia molecular vegetalFisiologia vegetalPlant molecular biologyPlant physiologyThe evolution of post-zygotic isolation barriers by immune-triggered hybrid incompatibilities in Arabidopsis thaliana
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2454192015-03-18T23:31:08Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcLarnellarins are a group of marine natural products isolated from the prosobranch mollusc Lamellaria sp., the ascidian Didemnum sp., and the sponge Dendrilla Cactos. Several of them exhibit interesting biological activities. Natural as well as synthetic lamellarins should be excellent candidates for the development of new drugs due to their unique skeletal structure and their important biological activities especially as antitumor agents. Lamelarin O has been recently characterized as a topoisomerase 1-targeted anti tumor agent. A variety of synthetic approaches have been developed for this family of alkaloids. Herein we describe a new route to the synthesis of Lamellarin D, from a methyl 2-pyrrolecarboxylate. Transformation of the starting material into the scaffold, a substituted 5,6-dihydropyrrolo (2,l a)isoquinoline (5,6-DHPl), was afforded by N-alkylation followed by intramolecular Heck cyclization. From this scaffold the synthetic strategy is based on two sequential regioselective bromination!Suzuki cross-coupling reactions which permitted the introduction of differently substituted aryl groups on positions 1 and 2 followed by oxidation, deprotection, and lactonization.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/61727engCompostos heterocíclicsProductes naturals marinsAlcaloidesMedicaments antineoplàsticsHeterocyclic compoundsMarine natural productsAlkaloidsAntineoplastic agentsTotal synthesis of lamellarin D and analogs library
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2461532015-03-18T23:31:11Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcN-3-(1-Methylindol-3-yl)propan-N-(2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonyl)guanidine was synthesized from 3-formyl-1-methylindole in six steps and subjected to conditions intended to convert the side-chain into a 2-iminotetrahydropyrimidine- containing product, of relevance to a possible synthesis of the aplicyanins. An alternative reaction course was observed, resulting in the formation of a new tetracyclic system.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/62365engSíntesi orgànicaMedicaments antineoplàsticsCompostos de nitrogenAziridinesÀcids nucleicsOrganic synthesisAntineoplastic agentsNitrogen compoundsAziridinesNucleic acidsThe synthesis of 1,2,3,6,6a,7-hexahydro-7-methyl-5-imino-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazolo[5,4-b]indole
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2479182015-03-19T23:13:07Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcOrganic food products are highly susceptible to fraud. Currently, administrative controls are conducted to detect fraud, but having an analytical tool able to verify the organic identity of food would be very supportive. The state-of-the-art in food authentication relies on fingerprinting approaches that find characteristic analytical patterns to unequivocally identify authentic products. While wide research on authentication has been conducted for other commodities, the authentication of organic chicken products is still in its infancy. Challenges include finding fingerprints to discriminate organic from conventional products, and recruiting sample sets that cover natural variability. Future research might be oriented towards developing new authentication models for organic feed, eggs and chicken meat, keeping models updated and implementing them into regulations. Meanwhile, these models might be very supportive to the administrative controls directing inspections towards suspicious fraudulent samples.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704http://hdl.handle.net/2445/64324engAliments naturalsPollastreInspecció dels alimentsNatural foodsChickenFood inspectionOrganic chicken product authentication: state-of-the-art and future perspectives
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2480012015-03-20T23:12:09Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcA multicompartment compliance aid (MCA) is a blister-type repackaging system that aims to facilitate drug administration and thereby increase patient adherence. One of the characteristics of the MCA that should be taken into account is the moisture permeability, since this atmospheric condition is one of the most important factors that can modify the stability of medicines. In the current paper we report the moisture permeability tests performed on a MCA according to the US Pharmacopeia. This information on the suitability of the device will help pharmacists implement a high-quality professional service.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704http://hdl.handle.net/2445/64366engEnvasament dels medicamentsAdministració de medicamentsEstabilitat dels medicamentsServeis farmacèuticsDrugs packagingAdministration of drugsDrug stabilityPharmaceutical servicesDegree of hermeticity of a multicompartment compliance aid: Implications for the quality of professional pharmaceutical services
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2480032015-03-20T23:12:12Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is considered a housekeeping protein that is present in virtually all organisms, where it performs metabolic functions essential for survival. GAPDH plays an essential role in the process of energy production, and is also involved in numerous biological processes. GAPDH belongs to a subset of proteins called moonlighting proteins, in which different functions are associated with a single polypeptide chain. The multifunctionality of GAPDH has been described in pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms, in mammals and in plants. In this review, we summarize the moonlighting role of GAPDH in bacteria.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704http://hdl.handle.net/2445/64368engOxidoreductasesBacterisBioquímicaOxidoreductasesBacteriaBiochemistryGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a moonlighting protein in bacteria
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2496342015-05-04T22:18:58Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcL’Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari (AQU) i les universitats catalanes, per tal de copsar el grau d’inserció laboral dels titulats, realitzen una enquesta amb una periodicitat triennal. L’enquesta permet conèixer no només la inserció sinó qüestions més especifiques com la temporalitat, la satisfacció respecte de la formació rebuda i el lloc de treball i el nivell de retribució, entre d’altres. L’anàlisi de les dades de les titulacions de la Facultat de Farmàcia, és d’interès per al disseny d’estratègies i d’activitats de orientació professional al centre.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65312catTransició a la vida activaEstudiantsFarmàciaSchool-to-work transitionStudentsPharmacyUniversitat de BarcelonaInserció laboral i qualitat de la ocupació en els ensenayments de pregrau de la Facultat de Farmàcia
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2496442015-05-04T22:21:12Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcLa implementación del sistema universitario español en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) ha implicado una serie de cambios en los Grados universitarios. Entre estos se encuentra el balancear la formación teórica con la práctica, de manera que los alumnos acaben con una formación óptima para afrontar su futuro laboral con elevadas posibilidades de éxito. A nivel estatal y de la Universidad de Barcelona se realizaron los cambios legales necesarios para enmarcar estos periodos de prácticas.1 El Grado de Farmacia contaba con la realización de un periodo de prácticas tuteladas obligatorias dentro del ámbito asistencial que se realizan en farmacias y hospitales. En este sentido el ámbito de industria quedaba marginado en el grado. Para subsanar esta deficiencia y para adecuar el grado al EEES, en el año 2012 se incorporó en el plan de estudios de Farmacia una asignatura optativa que se denominó “Prácticas en empresa”.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65307spaCompetències professionalsEstudiantsFarmàciaVocational qualificationsStudentsPharmacyUniversitat de BarcelonaMejora de las competencias profesionales de los estudiantes del Grado de Farmacia de la Universidad de Barcelona
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2384662015-06-04T22:12:51Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcNotwithstanding the functional role that the aggregates of some amyloidogenic proteins can play in different organisms, protein aggregation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a large number of human diseases. One of such diseases is Alzheimer"s disease (AD), where the overproduction and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) are regarded as early critical factors. Another protein that seems to occupy a prominent position within the complex pathological network of AD is the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with classical and non-classical activities involved at the late (cholinergic deficit) and early (Aβ aggregation) phases of the disease. Dual inhibitors of Aβ aggregation and AChE are thus emerging as promising multi-target agents with potential to efficiently modify the natural course of AD. In the initial phases of the drug discovery process of such compounds, in vitro evaluation of the inhibition of Aβ aggregation is rather troublesome, as it is very sensitive to experimental assay conditions, and requires expensive synthetic Aβ peptides, which makes cost-prohibitive the screening of large compound libraries. Herein, we review recently developed multi-target anti-Alzheimer compounds that exhibit both Aβ aggregation and AChE inhibitory activities, and, in some cases also additional valuable activities such as BACE-1 inhibition or antioxidant properties. We also discuss the development of simplified in vivo methods for the rapid, simple, reliable, unexpensive, and high-throughput amenable screening of Aβ aggregation inhibitors that rely on the overexpression of Aβ42 alone or fused with reporter proteins in Escherichia coli.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/50684engAgregació (Química)Malaltia d'AlzheimerAmiloïdosiAggregation (Chemistry)Alzheimer's diseaseAmyloidosisDual inhibitors of beta-amyloid aggregation and acetylcholinesterase as multi-target anti-Alzheimer drug candidates
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2513582015-06-25T22:15:09Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe implementation of the subject Pharmacology and Toxicology in R+D+i in the Pharmacy Degree, has led to the launch of a new methodological approach and teaching performance with the aim of developing the generic skills of the University of Barcelona (e.g., self-learning, team-working). An additional objective was students' integration of knowledge from different subjects in the degree which form the basis of the preclinical and clinical development of a drug. For this purpose, the teaching strategy used in the development of the subject was based on: 1) re-developing the content that students had been taught previously or were being taught in the same semester as a part of other subjects, and framing them in the environment of the pharmaceutical industry, 2) introducing new and previously unseen contents to do with drug development and toxicology, 3) developing a battery of activities to be undertaken by teams of students relating to the R+D+i of a particular drug. During the development of these activities, students have to acquire generic skills in addition to the subject-specific skills. The results obtained from the student survey give us grounds for satisfaction and allow us to consider that we have reached the goal of improving students' learning in Pharmacology and Toxicology applied to drug development in the pharmaceutical world today.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66049spaCompetències transversalsEducació superiorEnsenyamentFarmacologiaToxicologiaCiències de la salutGeneric competencesHigher educationTeachingPharmacologyToxicologyMedical sciencesFarmacología y toxicología en I+D+i: adquisición de competencias a través de un ejemplo de desarrollo de un fármaco
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2285452015-06-26T22:19:33Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcLa implementació de l’assignatura en elGrau de Farmàcia ha suposat pensar en una nova estratègia per tal de desenvolupar algunes competències transversals de laUniversitat de Barcelona i afavorir en els alumnes la integració dels coneixements.Els professors, de les unitats i grups d’innovació docent de Farmacologia i de Toxicologia, vam estimar quins continguts eren imprescindibles, constatant que alguns d’ells s’impartien ja en altres assignatures, i vam adoptar la següent estratègia: 1) re-elaborar els continguts ja impartits i emmarcar-los en l’entorn de la indústria farmacèutica; 2) presentar nous continguts; iprincipalment, 3) elaborar una bateria d’activitats centrades en el procés de R+D+i d’un fàrmac concret, el dabigatran. El disseny i el desenvolupament de les activitats s’han elaborat en base alEuropean Public Assessment Report (EPAR) per el dabigatran i l’NDA (New Drug Application) a la FDA per la seva autorització.Podeu consultar la Setena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43352http://hdl.handle.net/2445/51483catCompetències transversalsEducació superiorCiències de la salutEnsenyamentCongressosGeneric competencesHigher educationMedical sciencesTeachingCongressesFarmacologia i Toxicologia en R+D+i: adquisició de competències a través d'un exemple de desenvolupament d'un fàrmac
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2538732015-08-31T22:14:56Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcDes de la implantació de Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior i l’adopció per part de les universitats de l’avaluació continuada (AC) com a sistema d’acreditació del aprenentatges, existeix la preocupació tant per part dels estudiants com dels professors, que l’AC, entesa com la suma de proves i/o evidències parcials d’avaluació, ens porta a una disminució de notes en la franja alta de qualificació...Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66660catAvaluació contínuaRendiment acadèmicCiències de la salutEnsenyamentCongressosFarmacologiaContinuous evaluationAcademic achievementMedical sciencesTeachingCongressesPharmacologyL'avaluació continuada i la millora en el rendiment acadèmic: el cas de de la Farmacologia i Toxicologia en R+D+i del Grau de Farmàcia
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2544432015-09-21T09:10:40Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcDesprés de 4 cursos d’impartició i reajustaments del TFG al Grau deFarmàcia, en acabar el curs passat es va decidir preguntar als estudiantsel seu parer respecte als diferents aspectes que integren l’assignatura.Amb aquesta finalitat vam elaborar una enquesta de 27 preguntes ambcaràcter voluntari, que es va posar al seu abast al campus virtual delTFG. Es van recollir 146 enquestes d’un total de 227 alumnes (64%). Delconjunt de respostes ens interessava especialment l’opinió respecte altutor, en diferents vessants. La major part dels estudiants van valorar moltpositivament (bé o molt bé, 52 i 67%) la seva intervenció...Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66967catTesisCiències de la salutEnsenyamentCongressosThesesMedical sciencesTeachingCongressesL'opinió dels estudiants respecte al TFG de Farmàcia (UB)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552712015-10-29T23:26:58Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcHuman health risk assessment is the basis for groundwatercontamination and remediation goals definitions. Chlorinated solventshave a high toxicity for humans, even at low concentrations, and areimportant soil and groundwater pollutants. The main objective of thiswork is to assess the human health risk derived of exposition to acontaminated groundwater using a commercial Risk Analysis model(RBCA) and taking into consideration different exposure factors. Acase study was used. Some risk differences were observed usingspecific exposure factors in different countries, which were explainedby differences in life style.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67541engCompostos organocloratsContaminació de l'aiguaAvaluació del risc per la salutHigiène ambientalOrganochlorine compoundsWater pollutionHealth risk assessmentEnvironmental healthDetailed human risk assessment arising from groundwater contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons (DNAPLs)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552722015-10-29T23:27:00Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPlant cell and organ cultures constitute a promisingplatform for the production of numerous valuable secondarycompounds. Currently, in vitro culture techniques involve bothempirical and rational approaches as suitable strategies to conditionhigh metabolite production and establish competitive plant cell-basedbioprocesses. In this context, we have developed hairy root cultures ofPanax ginseng, and engineered hairy root cultures of Duboisia,Datura metel and Hyoscyamus spp and plant cell cultures of Centellaasiatica and Taxus spp. This chapter describes our work on thedevelopment of two different biotechnological systems to improvetaxol production in cell suspension cultures of Taxus spp andginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax ginseng.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67542engCultiu de cèl·lules i teixits vegetalsFitoquímicaFisiologia vegetalPlant cell and tissue cultureBotanical chemistryPlant physiologyPlant cell and organ cultures as a source of phytochemicals
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552732015-10-29T23:27:00Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactive Disorder) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, presenting with pervasive and impairing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination. There is scientific evidence that some dietary and physical activity strategies may be useful to improve the symptoms of ADHD and benefit the social, cognitive and academic performance of children and adolescents with ADHD. The purpose of our study was to review the scientific literature on the role of diet and physical activity in ADHD symptomatology up to date.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67543engTrastorns per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat en els infantsDietoteràpiaExerciciNutricióAttention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in childrenDiet therapyExerciseNutritionThe role of diet and physical activity in children and adolescents with ADHD
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552872015-10-30T23:21:53Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcThe diversification of Cheirolophus in Macaronesian archipelagos constitutes a paradigmatic example of radiation on oceanic islands. Phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses indicate an extraordinarily fast process, showing one of the highest speciation rates ever found on plants from oceanic islands. Such radiation has been recently studied employing phylogeographic, population genetic and molecular cytogenetic approaches. Here, the main potential patterns and processes involved in the diversification of the genus in the Canary Islands and Madeira are reviewed and discussed as a whole.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67557engCompostesMacaronèsiaFilogènia (Botànica)FilogeografiaCitogenèticaBotànicaCompositaeMacaronesiaPhylogeny (Botany)PhylogeographyCytogeneticsBotanyMolecular insights into the diversification of Cheirolophus (Asteraceae) in Macaronesia
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552882015-10-30T23:21:56Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcThe usefulness of the ultrastructural characters of spermiogenesis and of the spermatozoon in the interpretation of relationships in the Platyhelminthes has been widely demonstrated. The present paper provides a review and an update on the ultrastructural knowledge on spermiogenesis and on the spermatozoon in cyclophyllidean cestodes. For each family of cyclophyllideans the pattern of spermiogenesis and the type of sperm cell is provided. Moreover, the most interesting characteristics of both spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon are compiled and illustrated for each family. Finally, new spermatological data on some species of the Anoplocephalidae and the Taeniidae are provided.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67558engEspermatogènesiEspermatozoidesCestodesUltraestructura (Biologia)ParasitologiaSpermatogenesisSpermatozoaTapewormsUltrastructure (Biology)ParasitologyUltrastructure of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon in cyclophyllidean cestodes
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552912015-10-30T23:22:00Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcOxylipins are a family of natural compounds that are reported to perform a variety of biological functions. Besides the biological properties of such compounds, interest in hydroxy fatty acids is increasing, due to the industrial applications of these renewable compounds as a starting material for resins, emulsifiers, plastics or polyesters. Hydroxy fatty acids are used as thickeners in a new generation of emulsifiers and lubricants, to reach new levels of performance. When grown in submerged culture with oleic or linoleic acid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 produced several oxylipins. In this study, oxylipin production and its applications are examined.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67563engProductes naturalsPseudomonasMicrobiologiaNatural productsPseudomonasMicrobiologyProduction of bacterial oxylipins by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2551642015-11-02T23:14:08Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67431engEsfingolípidsQuímica orgànicaSphingolipidsOrganic chemistryChemical approaches to sphingolipid research
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2552922015-11-02T23:14:10Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcDiabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by structural and functional alterations in the heart muscle of people with diabetes that finally lead to heart failure. Metabolic disturbances characterized by increased lipid oxidation, intramyocardial triglyceride accumulation and reduced glucose utilization have all been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, evidences arisen in the recent years point to a potential link between chronic low-grade inflammation in the heart and metabolic dysregulation. Interestingly, the progression of heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy usually entails the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in this chapter we summarize novel insights into the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation in the failing heart during diabetes.Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67430http://hdl.handle.net/2445/67564engComplicacions de la diabetisMiocardiopatiesFarmacologiaDiabetes complicationsMyocardiopathiesPharmacologyInflammation and metabolic dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2249112016-01-12T23:13:48Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcIntroduction and aims. During last few decades, the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, among other metabolic disturbances, has raised considerably in many countries worldwide. Environmental factors (diet, physical activity), in tandem with predisposing genetic factors, may be responsible for this trend. Along with an increase in total energy consumption during recent decades, there has also been a shift in the type of nutrients, with an increased consumption of fructose, largely attributable to a greater intake of beverages containing high levels of fructose...http://hdl.handle.net/2445/51004engFructosaMalalties del fetgeÀcids grassosFructoseLiver diseasesFatty acidsFructose induces synthesis and reduces oxidation of liver fatty acids through ChREBP activation
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2575692016-01-19T23:18:33Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcIntroducción:A principios del año 2012 se puso en marcha la asignatura Prácticas en Empresas en la Facultad de Farmacia de Barcelona, a partir de la iniciativa impulsada porel Decanato. La asignatura es optativa y consta de 12 créditos ECTS (dedicación mínima de 300 horas presenciales).Encarna García‐Montoya, Carmen Escolano, Mercè Pallàs, Pilar Pérez, Santiago VázquezDecanato Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de BarcelonaGrupo de innovación docente: MICOMFAR (GIDUB‐13/154)Objetivos:En este trabajo se analizan los resultados derivados de las encuestas recogidas de los estudiantes y de las empresas colaboradoras para el primer semestre delcurso 14/15 (68 estudiantes de 72 matriculados).El objetivo es analizar puntos de mejora y detectar “lecciones” a tener en cuenta para generalizar en la gestión de la asignatura.Metodología:En este momento al estudiante que desea cursar la asignatura se le recomienda cursar en paralelo o previamente la asignatura de libre elección: Passaport a laProfessió, son 8 sesiones mensuales que ayudan al estudiante a buscar su propia oportunidad de prácticas y prepararse convenientemente.Una vez localizada la empresa que acogerá al estudiante, se firma un convenio que implica al estudiante, la empresa y la facultad. Al acabar el estudiante y el tutorde la empresa redactan un informe para la cualificación de la asignatura y un cuestionario de satisfacción (estudiante), que son analizados.Resultados y discusión:El cuestionario de satisfacción se divide en dos bloques: Procediminteo de la asignatura y Procedimientos de la empresa.Conclusión: Las prácticas en empresa constituyen una asignatura de interés para los estudiantes.La valoración realizada por los estudiantes tanto de la administración de la Facultad, como de la preparación recibidaen la misma para afrontar con éxito ese periodo, así como la orientación de las coordinadoras es muy adecuada.La consideración de la atención recibida por parte de los tutores de las empresas es excelente.A modo de resumen queda indicado que el 96% de los estudiantes considera que la posición ocupada enel periodo de prácticas se ajusta a sus intereses.Conclusión: Las prácticas en empresa constituyen una asignatura de interés para los estudiantes.La valoración realizada por los estudiantes tanto de la administración de la Facultad, como de la preparación recibidaen la misma para afrontar con éxito ese periodo, así como la orientación de las coordinadoras es muy adecuada.La consideración de la atención recibida por parte de los tutores de las empresas es excelente.A modo de resumen queda indicado que el 96% de los estudiantes considera que la posición ocupada en el periodo de prácticas se ajusta a sus intereses.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/68841spaPràcticumsIndústria farmacèuticaUniversitatsPracticumsPharmaceutical industryUniversitiesUniversitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Farmàcia"Learning by doing" prácticas en empresa y otras actividades de los estudiantes de farmacia de la Universidad de Barcelona
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2575702016-01-19T23:18:34Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dcLa Facultad de Farmacia de Barcelona, desde siempre ha tenido una relación muy cercana a la industriaquímico farmacéutica del entorno. Desde hace años se ha reconocido la calidad de este trabajo porentidades terceras (Tecnio y ACC1Ó, entre otras).En este trabajo se presenta el histórico de dos centros de investigación y transferencia que llevan años colaborando con la industria: elServicio de Desarrollo del Medicamento (SDM) y el Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica. Se destaca un ejemplo de trabajo ejecutadorecientemente, de cada centro, y los resultados obtenidos.El trabajo presentado pone de manifiesto que en la Facultad de Farmacia existen grupos de investigación y tecnología (básica y aplicada) a disposición de laIndustria Farmacéutica ofreciendo diferentes tipos de servicioshttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/68839spaIndústria farmacèuticaUniversitatsPharmaceutical industryUniversitiesUniversitat de Barcelona. Facultat de FarmàciaSinergia industria farmacéutica y academia: proyectos y servicios para la industria de la Facultad de Farmacia de Barcelona
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2578622016-03-02T01:09:53Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dchttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/69126catAntihelmínticsToxicitat dels medicamentsEmbriologiaSeminarisAnthelminticsDrug toxicityEmbryologySeminarsEstudi in vitro dels efectes embriotòxics de l’antiparasitari triclabendazol en embrions de rosegador i de peix zebra (Seminaris de Recerca 2015)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2578632016-03-02T01:09:56Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dchttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/69128engQuímica orgànicaBiologiaSeminarisOrganic chemistryBiologySeminarsBiology-Oriented Organic Chemistry (Seminaris de Recerca 2015)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2578642016-03-02T01:09:58Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dchttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/69133catNeuropsicofarmacologiaDroguesConsum d'alcoholSeminarisNeuropsychopharmacologyDrugs of abuseDrinking of alcoholic beveragesSeminarsNeuropsicofarmacologia de les noves drogues psicoestimulants i la seva associació amb alcohol (Seminaris de Recerca 2015)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2021632016-03-04T08:28:37Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/32393The preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds (EPC) is a continuous social demand due to the clinical advantages that enantiopure drugs offer over the racemic forms. Here, the best
well-established synthetic strategies to access to single-enantiomer compounds are briefly described and compared. In particular, the enantioselective catalysis is introduced paying special attention to the organocatalysis, an emerging and fruitful area in the EPCsynthesis.
Of particular interest is the use of small organic molecules as catalysts in cascade reactions. Organocascade reactions involve the formation of several chemical bonds and
often generate stereogenic centers with excellent stereoselectivity. Such one-pot reactions avoid time-consuming and costly step-bystep
processes and are environmentally friendly as they occur in the absence of metals. Additionally, the chemical waste of the
organocatytic cascade reactions is drastically reduced since the intermediates are not isolated and purified.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/32194engFarmacologiaEnantiòmersMedicamentsPharmacologyEnantiomersDrugsStrategies for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds focused on organocatalysis
oai:recercat.cat:2072/1795322016-03-15T23:50:26Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/32392During the last years, our emphasis has focused in the study of the neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine (METH) on central nervous system and their pharmacological prevention. In the process of this research, we have used a semipurified synaptosomal preparation from striatum of mice or rats as a reliable in vitro model to study reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by these amphetamine derivatives, which is well correlated with their dopaminergic injury in in vivo models. Using this preparation we have demonstrated that blockade of alpha7 nicotinic receptors with methyllycaconitine (MLA) and memantine (MEM) prevents ROS production induced by MDMA and METH. Studies at molecular level showed that both, MDMA and METH, displaced competitively the binding of radioligands for homomeric alpha7 and heteromeric nAChRs, indicating that they can directly interact with them. In all the cases MDMA displayed higher affinity than METH and it was higher for heteromeric than for alpha7 subtype. Preincubation of differentiated PC12 cells with MDMA or METH induces nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) up-regulation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as many nicotinic ligands do, supporting their functional interaction with nAChRs. Such interaction expands the pharmacological profile of amphetamines and can account for some of their effects.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/21373engReceptors nicotínicsAmfetaminesNicotinic receptorsAmphetaminesInvolvement of nicotinic receptors in methamphetamine and MDMA induced neurotoxicity: Pharmacological studies
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2476542016-04-28T22:52:39Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704Global changes in dietary habits in the last decades caused an increase of added sugar consumption all over the world, which has been linked to the increasing prevalence of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Fructose is widely used as a sweetener in the food and beverage industry, either as an integrant of the sucrose molecule or as a component of high fructose corn syrups. The consumption of fructose in beverages is especially dangerous, as the process of energy compensation by reduction in the ingestion of other foods does not work equally well with liquid than solid foods. Besides, fructose is the carbohydrate with the highest ability to induce hypertriglyceridemia, due to a marked increase in lipogenesis compared with glucose. In this review we will discuss some of the most recent studies performed in animal models and in humans to investigate the effects of excessive fructose consumption.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63891engFructosaTrastorns del metabolismeModels animals en la investigacióFructoseDisorders of metabolismAnimal models in researchFructose effects on human health: Molecular insights from experimental models
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2612962016-04-29T23:12:11Zhdl_2072_228392 am 3u dchttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/96706catFructosaTrastorns del metabolismeModels animals en la investigacióSeminarisFructoseDisorders of metabolismAnimal models in researchSeminarsAlteracions metabòliques induïdes per la ingesta de fructosa líquida en models animals (Seminaris de Recerca 2013)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2678272016-11-08T23:33:21Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103042Polyphenols are a large and heterogeneous group of compounds widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, cereals and their products such as coffee or wine. These bioactive compounds can ameliorate our health by improving certain risk factors, especially the cardiovascular ones. Thus, many investigations have focused on the effects of some polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods on cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103448engPolifenolsMalalties cardiovascularsPolyphenolsCardiovascular diseasesBenefits of polyphenol intake on the cardiovascular risk parameter
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2680482016-11-25T23:50:08Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103042Lipopeptides such as lichenysin are biosurfactants of great interest, due to the demand for natural surface-active agents with low toxicity. Bacillus licheniformis AL 1.1 produces a lipopeptide characterized as lichenysin (LchAL1.1), which acts as a powerful surfactant, able to reduce surface tension to 28.5 mN m-1 and with a critical micelle concentration of 15 mg L-1. LchAL1.1 is particularly effective in preventing biofilm formation by pathogenic strains, has an emulsifying capacity and permeabilizes membranes by a colloid-osmotic process. The production of lipopeptides from agro-industrial residues, particularly molasses, is a sustainable process of great potential for the development of economic bioprocesses.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/104173engAgents tensioactiusSurface active agentsLichenysin production and application in the pharmaceutical field
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2680492016-11-25T23:50:10Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103042Helicobacter pylori is one of the human pathogens with highest prevalence around the world. Colonizing the human stomach, H. pylori could lead to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. H. pylori is a genetically diverse bacterial species, and variability in virulence factors has a role in bacterial pathogenesis and progression to gastric cancer, although bacterium and host factors of progression are not completely understood. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that six housekeeping genes related to H. pylori pathogenesis were specifically amplified for H. pylori in a total of 52 H. pylori clones isolated from 11 patients. Although most clones isolated from the same patient showed identical gene sequences, events of multiple infection and microevolution were detected. We consider that housekeeping genes could be useful for H. pylori detection and to elucidate the mode of transmission and the relevance of the multiple infection. Further genetic studies are required to provide powerful tools to face all current unmet challenges of H. pylori infection, such as the elucidation of mode of transmission, the development of new sensitive and specific PCR methods for H. pylori detection, and implication of H. pylori in other diseases.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/104174engHelicobacteri pilòricGenètica bacterianaCàncerAparell digestiuHelicobacter pyloriBacterial geneticsCancerDigestive organsAdvances in the research of new genetic markers for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2680502016-12-01T01:26:40Zhdl_2072_179329 am 3u dcPodeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/103042Data on leishmaniosis and its vectors (sand flies) in the Balearic Islands are scarce and restricted mainly to Majorca. According to the official data, the overall rate of human leishmaniosis (HL) is 0.7-3.5 cases per year/100,000 inhabitants (for the period 2001-2015), and the reported prevalence of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) varies between 0 and 45%, depending on the island and the dog population tested. In the present study, we investigated the sand fly fauna and current status of CanL in the Balearic Islands. Four sand fly species were captured: Phlebotomus perniciosus, a known vector in the Mediterranean area, P. sergenti, P. papatasi and Sergentomyia minuta. P. perniciosus was found throughout the island of Majorca, from sea level to the mountains, being detected in 70% of the capture sites and with a density of 6.7 specimens/m2. The global density of P. perniciosus in Minorca was of 3.4 specimens/m2, which constitutes a significant decrease compared to the results of a previous study performed 20 years ago. The influence of environmental factors on the presence or density of P. perniciosus differed according to the physiography of the area studied. A standard questionnaire sent to the local veterinarians in the Balearic Islands revealed that 73.8% of veterinarians had confirmed CanL cases in the previous 12 months and thought the disease was increasing in Minorca. The global seroprevalence of CanL in Minorca was 24%, being 31% among animals who had never left the island, which shows the existence of an autochthonous focus of CanL unrelated with an increasing vector density.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/104176engLeishmaniosiIlles BalearsLeishmaniasisBalearic IslandsCurrent status of Leishmaniosis in the Balearic Islands
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2712552017-02-01T23:51:09Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcLes lesions gastro-intestinals (GI) són, probablement, un deis principals efectes secundaris de l'ús dels antiinflamatoris i de molts altres agents terapèutics. Malgrat que els mecanismes productors de les lesions no són plenament coneguts, el fet és que les intoleràncies existeixen i que cal valorar-les per a poder preparar productes més innocus i formes farmacèutiques més ben tolerades. Els mètodes més usats en l'estudi de les toleràncies digestives es fonamenten en la valoració «de visu» de les lesions produïdes en els estómacs deis animals tractats. Evidentment, aquests mètodes només poden donar informació dels danys gàstrics, quedant doncs completament desconeguts els efectes sobre la resta del tub digestiu. ...http://hdl.handle.net/2445/106275catBiocompatibilitatEfectes secundaris dels medicamentsFarmacologiaGastroenterologiaIsòtops radioactiusRates (Animals de laboratori)Animals de laboratoriHemorràgia gastrointestinalAgents antiinflamatorisBiocompatibilityDrug side effectsPharmacologyGastroenterologyRadioisotopesRats as laboratory animalsLaboratory animalsGastrointestinal hemorrhageAntiinflammatory agentsDeterminació de la tolerància gastro-intestinal de medicaments mitjançant la quantificació radioactiva de les microhemorràgies digestives
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2074982017-05-23T04:54:46Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcBackground: In the course of evolution butterflies and moths developed two different reproductive behaviors. Whereas butterflies rely on visual stimuli for mate location, moths use the"female calling plus male seduction" system, in which females release long-range sex pheromones to attract conspecific males. There are few exceptions from this pattern but in all cases known female moths possess sex pheromone glands which apparently have been lost in female butterflies. In the day-flying moth family Castniidae ("butterfly-moths"), which includes some important crop pests, no pheromones have been found so far. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a multidisciplinary approach we described the steps involved in the courtship of P. archon, showing that visual cues are the only ones used for mate location; showed that the morphology and fine structure of the antennae of this moth are strikingly similar to those of butterflies, with male sensilla apparently not suited to detect female-released long range pheromones; showed that its females lack pheromone-producing glands, and identified three compounds as putative male sex pheromone (MSP) components of P. archon, released from the proximal halves of male forewings and hindwings. Conclusions/Significance: This study provides evidence for the first time in Lepidoptera that females of a moth do not produce any pheromone to attract males, and that mate location is achieved only visually by patrolling males, which may release a pheromone at short distance, putatively a mixture of Z,E-farnesal, E,E-farnesal, and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol. The outlined behavior, long thought to be unique to butterflies, is likely to be widespread in Castniidae implying a novel, unparalleled butterfly-like reproductive behavior in moths. This will also have practical implications in applied entomology since it signifies that the monitoring/control of castniid pests should not be based on the use of female-produced pheromones, as it is usually done in many moths.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34014engLepidòptersEvolució molecularConducta sexual dels animalsFilogèniaFisiologia animalLepidopteraMolecular evolutionSexual behavior in animalsPhylogenyAnimal physiologyMoths behaving like butterflies. Evolutionary loss of long range attractant pheromones in Castniid Moths: A Paysandisia archon model
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2817992017-05-23T04:54:56Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA practical synthetic route to enantiopure 5-substituted cisdecahydroquinolines has been developed, the key steps being a stereoselective cyclocondensation of 2-substituted 6-oxocyclohexenepropionates 2 with (R)-phenylglycinol, the stereoselective hydrogenation of the resulting unsaturated tricyclic lactams, and the stereoselective reductive cleavage of the oxazolidine ring.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/108263engQuinolonesSíntesi orgànicaLactamesReacció d'oxidació-reduccióQuinolone antibacterial agentsOrganic synthesisLactamsOxidation-reduction reactionA General Synthetic Route to Enantiopure 5-Substituted cis-Decahydroquinolines
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2110412017-05-23T04:55:12Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAmphetamine derivatives such as methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) are drugs widely abused in a recreational context. This has led to concern because of the evidence that they are neurotoxic in animal models and cognitive impairments have been described in heavy abusers. The main targets of these drugs are plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporters, leading to reverse transport and increased monoamine efflux to the synapse. As far as neurotoxicity is concerned, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production seems to be one of the main causes. Recent research has demonstrated that blockade of 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) inhibits METH- and MDMA-induced ROS production in striatal synaptosomes which is dependent on calcium and on NO-synthase activation. Moreover, 7 nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and memantine) attenuated in vivo the neurotoxicity induced by METH and MDMA, and memantine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by these drugs. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrated that both drugs have affinity to 7 and heteromeric nAChR, with MDMA showing lower Ki values, while fluorescence calcium experiments indicated that MDMA behaves as a partial agonist on 7 and as an antagonist on heteromeric nAChR. Sustained Ca increase led to calpain and caspase-3 activation. In addition, modulatory effects of MDMA on 7 and heteromeric nAChR populations have been found.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43290engÈxtasi (Droga)Receptors nicotínicsAmfetaminesNeurotoxicologiaEcstasy (Drug)Nicotinic receptorsAmphetaminesNeurotoxicologyNeuronal nicotinic receptors as new targets foramphetamine-induced oxidative damage and neurotoxicity
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2111682017-05-23T04:55:14Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcNicotine (NIC), the main psychostimulant compound of smoked tobacco, exerts its effects through activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which become up-regulated after chronic administration. Recent work has demonstrated that the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has affinity for nAChR and also induces up-regulation of nAChR in PC 12 cells. Tobacco and MDMA are often consumed together. In the present work we studied the in vivo effect of a classic chronic dosing schedule of MDMA in rats, alone or combined with a chronic schedule of NIC, on the density of nAChR and on serotonin reuptake transporters. MDMA induced significant decreases in [3H]paroxetine binding in the cortex and hippocampus measured 24 h after the last dose and these decreases were not modified by the association with NIC. In the prefrontal cortex, NIC and MDMA each induced significant increases in [3H]epibatidine binding (29.5 and 34.6%, respectively) with respect to saline-treated rats, and these increases were significantly potentiated (up to 72.1%) when the two drugs were associated. Also in this area, [3H]methyllycaconitine binding was increased a 42.1% with NIC + MDMA but not when they were given alone. In the hippocampus, MDMA potentiated the a7 regulatory effects of NIC (raising a 25.5% increase to 52.5%) but alone was devoid of effect. MDMA had no effect on heteromeric nAChR in striatum and a coronal section of the midbrain containing superior colliculi, geniculate nuclei, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Specific immunoprecipitation of solubilised receptors suggests that the up-regulated heteromeric nAChRs contain a4 and b2 subunits. Western blots with specific a4 and a7 antibodies showed no significant differences between the groups, indicating that, as reported for nicotine, up-regulation caused by MDMA is due to post-translational events rather than increased receptor synthesis.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43395engÈxtasi (Droga)Receptors nicotínicsAmfetaminesNicotinaEcstasy (Drug)Nicotinic receptorsAmphetaminesNicotine3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine induces in vivo regional up-regulation of central nicotinic receptors in rats and potentiates the regulatory effects of nicotine on these receptors
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2111692017-05-23T04:55:15Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcUn conjunt de professors de les facultats de Química i Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona hem elaborat un material docent en suport electrònic, d"accés lliure a la xarxa, que descriu el procediment pràctic de diverses operacions bàsiques de treball al laboratori químic. L"objectiu principal és crear un material docent que serveixi de suport a l"aprenentatge dels estudiants i a la tasca docent del professorat involucrat en l"ensenyament del treball pràctic en l"etapa d"inici dels estudis universitaris.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/43412catManuals de laboratoriAutoaprenentatgeLaboratoris químicsLaboratory manualsSelf-cultureChemical laboratoriesOperacions bàsiques al laboratori químic en xarxa. Una nova eina per a estudiants i professors
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2198692017-05-23T04:55:19Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcMaterial and methods. Methylone was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously (10 mg/kg) and orally (15 and 30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and metabolites were characterized by LC/MS and LC-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Locomotor activity was monitored for 180-240 min. Results. Oral administration of methylone induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity in rats. The plasma concentrations after i.v. administration were described by a two-compartment model with distribution and terminal elimination phases of α = 1.95 h− 1 and β = 0.72 h− 1. For oral administration, peak methylone concentrations were achieved between 0.5 and 1 h and fitted to a flip-flop model. Absolute bioavailability was about 80% and the percentage of methylone protein binding was of 30%. A relationship between methylone brain levels and free plasma concentration yielded a ratio of 1.42 ± 0.06, indicating access to the central nervous system. We have identified four Phase I metabolites after oral administration. The major metabolic routes are N-demethylation, aliphatic hydroxylation and O-methylation of a demethylenate intermediate. Discussion. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of methylone showed a correlation between plasma concentrations and enhancement of the locomotor activity. A contribution of metabolites in the activity of methylone after oral administration is suggested. Present results will be helpful to understand the time course of the effects of this drug of abuse in humans.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/47623engAmfetaminesFarmacocinèticaRates (Animals de laboratori)Locomoció animalAmphetaminesPharmacokineticsRats as laboratory animalsAnimal locomotionAn integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a new drug of abuse, methylone, a synthetic cathinone sold as 'bath salts'
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2249092017-05-23T04:55:21Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAging is associated with an increased risk of depression in humans. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of depression and its dependence on aging, here we study signs of depression in male SAMP8 mice. For this purpose, we used the forced swimming test (FST). The total floating time in the FST was greater in SAMP8 than in SAMR1 mice at 9 months of age; however, this difference was not observed in 12-month-old mice, when both strains are considered elderly. Of the two strains, only the SAMP8 animals responded to imipramine treatment. We also applied the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and studied changes in the dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) uptake systems, the 5-HT2a/2c receptor density in the cortex, and levels of TPH2. The DST showed a significant difference between SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice at old age. SAMP8 exhibits an increase in 5-HT transporter density, with slight changes in 5-HT2a/2c receptor density. In conclusion, SAMP8 mice presented depression-like behavior that is dependent on senescence process, because it differs from SAMR1, senescence resistant strain.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/49903engEnvellimentDepressió psíquicaEtologiaRatolins (Animals de laboratori)AgingMental depressionAnimal behaviorMice (Laboratory animals)Depression-like behavior is dependent on age in male SAMP8 mice
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2386412017-05-23T04:55:28Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA broad and simple method permitted halide ions in quaternary heteroaromatic and ammonium salts to be exchanged for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A− form) in non-aqueous media. The anion loading of the AER (OH− form) was examined using two different anion sources, acids or ammonium salts, and changing the polarity of the solvents. The AER (A− form) method in organic solvents was then applied to several quaternary heteroaromatic salts and ILs, and the anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Relying on the hydrophobicity of the targeted ion pair for the counteranion swap, organic solvents with variable polarity were used, such as CH3OH, CH3CN and the dipolar nonhydroxylic solvent mixture CH3CN:CH2Cl2 (3:7) and the anion exchange was equally successful with both lipophilic cations and anions.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/50799engSalsSolucions iòniquesCompostos heterocíclicsSaltsIonic solutionsHeterocyclic compoundsA simple halide-to-anion exchange method for heteroaromatic salts and ionic liquids
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2273572017-05-23T04:55:32Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAlthough metabolic syndrome (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often associated, a common link has not been identified. Using the BWF1 mouse, which develops MS and SLE, we sought a molecular connection to explain the prevalence of these two diseases in the same individuals. We determined SLE- markers (plasma anti-ds-DNA antibodies, splenic regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytokines, proteinuria and renal histology) and MS-markers (plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, insulin and leptin, liver triglycerides, visceral adipose tissue, liver and adipose tissue expression of 86 insulin signaling-related genes) in 8-, 16-, 24-, and 36-week old BWF1 and control New-Zealand-White female mice. Up to week 16, BWF1 mice showed MS-markers (hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, fatty liver and visceral adipose tissue) that disappeared at week 36, when plasma anti-dsDNA antibodies, lupus nephritis and a pro-autoimmune cytokine profile were detected. BWF1 mice had hyperleptinemia and high splenic Tregs till week 16, thereby pointing to leptin resistance, as confirmed by the lack of increased liver P-Tyr-STAT-3. Hyperinsulinemia was associated with a down-regulation of insulin related-genes only in adipose tissue, whereas expression of liver mammalian target of rapamicyn (mTOR) was increased. Although leptin resistance presented early in BWF1 mice can slow-down the progression of autoimmunity, our results suggest that sustained insulin stimulation of organs, such as liver and probably kidneys, facilitates the over-expression and activity of mTOR and the development of SLE.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/52919engLupus eritematósMalalties autoimmunitàriesMalalties del fetgeSíndrome metabòlicaProteïnes quinasesCitoquinesRatolins (Animals de laboratori)Lupus erythematosusAutoimmune diseasesLiver diseasesMetabolic syndromeProtein kinasesCytokinesMice (Laboratory animals)Metabolic alterations and increased liver mTOR expression precede the development of autoimmune disease in a murine model of lupus erythematosus
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2855492017-05-23T04:55:33Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcPrevious studies indicate that 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) can induce heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR, mainly of α4β2 subtype) up-regulation. In this study we treated Sprague-Dawley rats twice-daily for 10 days with either saline or MDMA (7 mg/kg) and killed them on day 11 to perform [125I]epibatidine binding autoradiograms on serial coronal slices. Results showed significant increases in nAChR density in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, anterior caudate-putamen, somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, auditory cortex, retrosplenial cortex, laterodorsal thalamus nuclei, amygdala, postsubiculum and pontine nuclei. These increases ranged from 3% (retrosplenial cortex) to 30 and 33% (amygdala and substantia nigra). No increased α4 subunit immunoreactivity was found in up-regulated areas compared with saline-treated rats, suggesting a post-translational mechanism as occurs with nicotine. The percentage of up-regulation correlated positively with the density of serotonin transporters, according to the serotonergic profile of MDMA. The heteromeric nAChR increase in concrete areas could account, at least in part, for the reinforcing, sensitizing and psychiatric disorders observed after long-term treatment with MDMA.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/53223engCompostos heterocíclicsÈxtasi (Droga)AmfetaminesReceptors nicotínicsRates (Animals de laboratori)Heterocyclic compoundsEcstasy (Drug)AmphetaminesNicotinic receptorsRats as laboratory animalsProtracted treatment with MDMA induces heteromeric nicotinic receptor up-regulation in rat brain: an autoradiography study.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2394422017-05-23T04:55:35Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAging is a gradual, complex process in which cells, tissues, organs, and the whole organism itself deteriorate in a progressive and irreversible manner that, in the majority of cases, implies pathological conditions that affect the individual"s Quality of Life (QOL). Although extensive research efforts in recent years have been made, the anticipation of aging and prophylactic or treatment strategies continue to experience major limitations. In this review, the focus is essentially on the compilation of the advances generated by cellular expression profile analysis through proteomics studies (two-dimensional [2D] electrophoresis and mass spectrometry [MS]), which are currently used as an integral approach to study the aging process. Additionally, the relevance of the oxidative stress factors is discussed. Emphasis is placed on postmitotic tissues, such as neuronal, muscular, and red blood cells, which appear to be those most frequently studied with respect to aging. Additionally, models for the study of aging are discussed in a number of organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, senescence-accelerated probe-8 mice (SAMP8), naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), and the beagle canine. Proteomic studies in specific tissues and organisms have revealed the extensive involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in aging.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/53944engEnvellimentProteòmicaEstrès oxidatiuAgingProteomicsOxidative stressOxidative stress in aging: advances in proteomic approaches
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2309392017-05-23T04:55:36Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcHigh consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages has been linked to a high prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases. We have previously shown that a short course of fructose supplementation as a liquid solution induces glucose intolerance in female rats. In the present work, we characterized the fructose-driven changes in the liver and the molecular pathways involved. To this end, female rats were supplemented or not with liquid fructose (10%, w/v) for 7 or 14 days. Glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed, and the expression of genes related to insulin signaling, gluconeogenesis and nutrient sensing pathways was evaluated. Fructose-supplemented rats showed increased plasma glucose excursions in glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests and reduced hepatic expression of several genes related to insulin signaling, including insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2). However, the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, was reduced. These effects were caused by an inactivation of hepatic forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) due to an increase in its acetylation state driven by a reduced expression and activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Further contributing to FoxO1 inactivation, fructose consumption elevated liver expression of the spliced form of X-box-binding-protein-1 as a consequence of an increase in the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin 1 and protein 38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK). Liquid fructose affects both insulin signaling (IRS-2 and FoxO1) and nutrient sensing pathways (p38-MAPK, mTOR and SIRT1), thus disrupting hepatic insulin signaling without increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/53946engResistència a la insulinaFetgeFructosaInsulin resistanceLiverFructoseLiquid fructose down-regulates liver insulin receptor substrate 2 and gluconeogeneic enzymes by modifying nutrient sensing factors in rats
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2289562017-05-23T04:55:37Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcFructose ingestion is associated with the production of hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. For fructose to attain these effects in rats, simultaneous induction of fatty acid synthesis and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is required. We aimed to determine the mechanism involved in the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by fructose and whether this effect occurs also in human liver cells. Female rats were supplemented or not with liquid fructose (10% w/v) for 7 or 14 days; rat (FaO) and human (HepG2) hepatoma cells, and human hepatocytes were incubated with fructose 25 mM for 24 h. The expression and activity of the enzymes and transcription factors relating to fatty acid β-oxidation were evaluated. Fructose inhibited the activity of fatty acid β-oxidation only in livers of 14-day fructose-supplemented rats, as well as the expression and activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα). Similar results were observed in FaO and HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. PPARα downregulation was not due to an osmotic effect or to an increase in protein-phosphatase 2A activity caused by fructose. Rather, it was related to increased content in liver of inactive and acetylated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α, due to a reduction in sirtuin 1 expression and activity. In conclusion, fructose inhibits liver fatty acid oxidation by reducing PPARα expression and activity, both in rat and human liver cells, by a mechanism involving sirtuin 1 down-regulation.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/53947engFructosaÀcids grassosFetgeFructoseFatty acidsLiverLiquid fructose downregulates SIRT1 expression and activity and impairs the oxidation of fatty acids in rat and human liver cells
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2298722017-05-23T04:55:38Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcFe d'errates disponible a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3283-6Rationale Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a still poorly known drug of abuse, alternative to ecstasy or cocaine. Objective The major aims were to investigate the pharmacokineticsa and locomotor activity of mephedrone in rats and provide a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Methods Mephedrone was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously (10 mg/kg) and orally (30 and 60 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and metabolites were characterized using LC/MS and LC-MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Locomotor activity was monitored for 180-240 min. Results Mephedrone plasma concentrations after i.v. administration fit a two-compartment model (α=10.23 h−1, β=1.86 h−1). After oral administration, peak mephedrone concentrations were achieved between 0.5 and 1 h and declined to undetectable levels at 9 h. The absolute bioavailability of mephedrone was about 10 % and the percentage of mephedrone protein binding was 21.59±3.67%. We have identified five phase I metabolites in rat blood after oral administration. The relationship between brain levels and free plasma concentration was 1.85±0.08. Mephedrone induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity, which lasted up to 2 h. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model successfully describes the relationship between mephedrone plasma concentrations and its psychostimulant effect. Conclusions We suggest a very important first-pass effect for mephedrone after oral administration and an easy access to the central nervous system. The model described might be useful in the estimation and prediction of the onset, magnitude,and time course of mephedrone pharmacodynamics as well as to design new animal models of mephedrone addiction and toxicity.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/53992engAmfetaminesSistema nerviós centralCervellFarmacocinèticaEfectes fisiològicsDrogues de dissenyAmphetaminesCentral nervous systemBrainPharmacokineticsPhysiological effectDesigner drugsMephedrone pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration in rats: relation to pharmacodynamics
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2098062017-05-23T04:55:39Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcBackground: Insects respond to the spatial and temporal dynamics of a pheromone plume, which implies not only a strong response to"odor on", but also to"odor off". This requires mechanisms geared toward a fast signal termination. Several mechanisms may contribute to signal termination, among which odorant-degrading enzymes. These enzymes putatively play a role in signal dynamics by a rapid inactivation of odorants in the vicinity of the sensory receptors, although direct in vivo experimental evidences are lacking. Here we verified the role of an extracellular carboxylesterase, esterase-6 (Est-6), in the sensory physiological and behavioral dynamics of Drosophila melanogaster response to its pheromone, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA). Est-6 was previously linked to post-mating effects in the reproductive system of females. As Est-6 is also known to hydrolyze cVA in vitro and is expressed in the main olfactory organ, the antenna, we tested here its role in olfaction as a putative odorant-degrading enzyme. Results: We first confirm that Est-6 is highly expressed in olfactory sensilla, including cVA-sensitive sensilla, and we show that expression is likely associated with non-neuronal cells. Our electrophysiological approaches show that the dynamics of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) responses is strongly influenced by Est-6, as in Est-6° null mutants (lacking the Est-6 gene) cVA-sensitive ORN showed increased firing rate and prolonged activity in response to cVA. Est-6° mutant males had a lower threshold of behavioral response to cVA, as revealed by the analysis of two cVAinduced behaviors. In particular, mutant males exhibited a strong decrease of male-male courtship, in association with a delay in courtship initiation. Conclusions: Our study presents evidence that Est-6 plays a role in the physiological and behavioral dynamics of sex pheromone response in Drosophila males and supports a role of Est-6 as an odorant-degrading enzyme (ODE) in male antennae. Our results also expand the role of Est-6 in Drosophila biology, from reproduction to olfaction, and highlight the role of ODEs in insect olfaction. Keywords: carboxylesterase, esterase 6, olfaction, pheromone, signal terminationhttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/34504engDrosòfilaEnzimsFeromonesEtologiaOlorsEsterasesDrosophilaEnzymesPheromonesAnimal behaviorOdorsEsterasesA carboxylesterase, Esterase-6, modulates sensory physiological and behavioural response dynamics to pheromone in Drosophila
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2334192017-05-23T04:55:40Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe synthesis of various polycyclic systems containing a C3a-Ni bond between a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole and an indole tryptophan is described here. A series of experiments were performed to determine the best combination of five orthogonal protecting groups and the best reaction conditions for formation of said bond, which is a common feature among many recently discovered marine natural products.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54707engProductes naturals marinsQuímica heterocíclicaAminoàcidsSíntesi de pèptidsMarine natural productsHeterocyclic chemistryAmino acidsPeptide synthesisOrthogonal protecting groups in the synthesis of tryptophanyl-hexahydropyrroloindoles
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2395572017-05-23T04:55:41Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe first total synthesis of Aeruginazole A, prepared via a convergent strategy that involved both solid-phase peptide synthesis and solution phase chemistry and that enabled conservation of the stereochemistry of the intermediates, is reported.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54698engSíntesi de pèptidsQuímica heterocíclicaPeptide synthesisHeterocyclic chemistryTotal synthesis of aeruginazole A
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2855502017-05-23T04:55:44Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThis review covers recent literature on the lamellarins, a family of marine natural products, and related analogs, encompassing synthetic strategies for total synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and studies on mechanisms of biological action, namely in the context of antitumor activity. It reviews work published from January 2008 to December 2010.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54977engProductes naturals marinsMarine natural productsProgress on Lamellarins
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2330842017-05-23T04:55:45Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcFor the first time, an enantioselective synthesis of both 1R,4S-isagarin 1a and 1S,4R-isagarin 1b was achieved starting from 1,4-dimethoxy-2-vinylnaphtalene 2. The key steps involve a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and reaction with an acetonylating pyridinium ylid.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54980engSíntesi asimètricaProductes naturalsAsymmetric synthesisNatural productsFirst enantioselective synthesis of isagarin, a natural product isolated from Pentas longiflora Oliv.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2330852017-05-23T04:55:46Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcLamellarins are a large family of marine alkaloids with potential anticancer activity that have been isolated from diverse marine organisms, mainly ascidians and sponges. All lamellarins feature a 3,4-diarylpyrrole system. Pentacyclic lamellarins, whose polyheterocyclic system has a pyrrole core, are the most active compounds. Some of these alkaloids are potently cytotoxic to various tumor cell lines. To date, Lam-D and Lam-H have been identified as lead compounds for the inhibition of topoisomerase I and HIV-1 integrase, respectively nuclear enzymes which are over-expressed in deregulation disorders. Moreover,these compounds have been reported for their efficacy in treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tumors cells without mediated drug efflux, as well as their immunomodulatory activity and selectivity towards melanoma cell lines. This article is an overview of recent literature on lamellarins, encompassing their isolation, recent synthetic strategies for their total synthesis, the preparation of their analogs, studies on their mechanisms of action, and their structure-activity relationships (SAR).http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54981engAlcaloidesProductes naturals marinsCompostos heterocíclicsMedicaments antineoplàsticsAlkaloidsMarine natural productsHeterocyclic compoundsAntineoplastic agentsRecent advances in lamellarin alkaloids: isolation, synthesis and activity
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2330862017-05-23T04:55:48Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dc(S)-2-(4-Bromo-2,4"-bithiazole)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine ((S)-1) was obtained as a single enantiomer and in high yield by means of a two-step modified Hantzsch thiazole synthesis reaction when bromoketone 3 and thioamide (S)-4 were used. Further conversion of (S)-1 into trimethyltin derivative (S)-2 broadens the scope for further cross-coupling reactions.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/54982engProductes naturalsAntibiòticsSíntesi de pèptidsCompostos heterocíclicsEnantiòmersNatural productsAntibioticsPeptide synthesisHeterocyclic compoundsEnantiomersHighly efficient, multigram and enantiopure synthesis of (S)-2-(2,4′-bithiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2388482017-05-23T04:55:49Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcResearch on natural products containing hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole (HPI) has dramatically increased during the past few years. Newly discovered natural products with complex structures and important biological activities have recently been isolated and synthesized. This review summarizes the structures, biological activities, and synthetic routes for natural compounds containing HPI, emphasizing the different strategies for assembling this motif. It covers a broad gamut of molecules, from small alkaloids to complex peptides.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55003engAlcaloidesQuímica heterocíclicaProductes naturalsPèptidsAlkaloidsHeterocyclic chemistryNatural productsPeptidesStructure, bioactivity and synthesis of natural products with hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2371952017-05-23T04:55:50Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcBarmumycin was isolated from an extract of the marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. BOSC-022A and found to be cytotoxic against various human tumor cell lines. Based on preliminary one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, the natural compound was initially assigned the structure of macrolactone-type compound 1, which was later prepared by two different routes. However, major spectroscopic differences between isolated barmumycin and 1 led to revision of the proposed structure as E-16. Based on synthesis of this new compound, and subsequent spectroscopic comparison of it to an authentic sample of barmumycin, the structure of the natural compound was indeed confirmed as that of E-16.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55263engMedicaments antineoplàsticsProductes naturals marinsLactonesImidazolesAntineoplastic agentsMarine natural productsLactonesImidazolesIsolation, structural assignment and total synthesis of Barmumycin
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2342672017-05-23T04:55:51Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe protection of arginine (Arg) side chains is a crucial issue in peptide chemistry because of the propensity of the basic guanidinium group to produce side reactions. Currently, sulfonyl-type protecting groups, such as 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman (Pmc) and 2,2,4,6,7-pentamethyldihydrobenzofurane (Pbf), are the most widely used for this purpose. Nevertheless, Arg side chain protection remains problematic as a result of the acid stability of these two compounds. This issue is even more relevant in Arg-rich sequences, acid-sensitive peptides and large-scale syntheses. The 1,2-dimethylindole-3-sulfonyl (MIS) group is more acid-labile than Pmc and Pbf and can therefore be a better option for Arg side chain protection. In addition, MIS is compatible with tryptophan-containing peptides.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55265engSíntesi de pèptidsRadicals lliures (Química)Síntesi en fase sólidaPeptide synthesisFree radicals (Chemistry)Solid-phase synthesis1,2-Dimethylindole-3-sulfonyl (MIS) as protecting group for the side chain of arginine
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2342682017-05-23T04:55:52Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcHerein is described the synthesis of several analogs of the natural product IB-01211 from concatenated azoles, via a biomimetic pathway based on cyclization-oxidation of serine containing peptides combined with the Hantzsch synthesis. The macrocyclization of rigid peptide compounds 1 and 2 to give IB-01211 and its epimer 12b was explored, and the results are compared here to those previously obtained for the macrocyclization of more flexible structures in the syntheses of YM-216391, telomestatin, and IB-01211. Lastly, the preliminary results of anti-tumor activity screening of the synthesized analogs are discussed.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55267engProductes naturalsPèptidsSíntesi orgànicaCompostos heterocíclicsNatural productsPeptidesOrganic synthesisHeterocyclic compoundsPreparation of penta-azole containing cyclopeptides: challenges in macrocyclization
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2374652017-05-23T04:55:53Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA new and easy synthesis of 2-arylethynyl-indole and 2-arylethynyl-pyrrole is described. N-deprotection and subsequent base-catalyzed elimination of N-tosylheteroaryl benzyl ketones are the key steps of the process.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55503engSíntesi orgànicaCompostos heterocíclicsAcetilèOrganic synthesisHeterocyclic compoundsAcetyleneNovel synthesis of arylethynyl heterocyles
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2379762017-05-23T04:55:54Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAmong adolescents, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome are rapidly increasing in recent years as a consequence of unhealthy palatable diets. Animal models of diet-induced obesity have been developed, but little is known about the behavioural patterns produced by the consumption of such diets. The aim of the present study was to determine the behavioural and biochemical effects of a cafeteria diet fed to juvenile male and female rats, as well as to evaluate the possible recovery from these effects by administering standard feeding during the last week of the study. Two groups of male and female rats were fed with either a standard chow diet (ST) or a cafeteria (CAF) diet from weaning and for 8 weeks. A third group of males (CAF withdrawal) was fed with the CAF diet for 7 weeks and the ST in the 8th week. Both males and females developed metabolic syndrome as a consequence of the CAF feeding, showing overweight, higher adiposity and liver weight, increased plasma levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides, as well as insulin resistance, in comparison with their respective controls. The CAF diet reduced motor activity in all behavioural tests, enhanced exploration, reduced anxiety-like behaviour and increased social interaction; this last effect was more pronounced in females than in males. When compared to animals only fed with a CAF diet, CAF withdrawal increased anxiety in the open field, slightly decreased body weight, and completely recovered the liver weight, insulin sensitivity and the standard levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides in plasma. In conclusion, a CAF diet fed to young animals for 8 weeks induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, and produced robust behavioural changes in young adult rats, whereas CAF withdrawal in the last week modestly increased anxiety, reversed the metabolic alterations and partially reduced overweight.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55848engAnsietatDietaObesitatPlasma sanguiniRates (Animals de laboratori)Síndrome metabòlicaAnxietyDietObesityBlood plasmaRats as laboratory animalsMetabolic syndromeEffects of a post-weaning cafeteria diet in young rats: metabolic syndrome, reduced activity and low anxiety-like behaviour.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2380692017-05-23T04:55:55Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe first total synthesis of the indole alkaloids ()-aplicyanins A, B and E, plus seventeen analogs, all in racemic form is reported. Modifications to the parent compound included changing the number of bromine substituents on the indole, the groups on the indole nitrogen (H, Me or OMe), and/or the oxidation level of the heterocyclic core tetrahydropyrimidine. Each compound was screened against three human tumor cell lines, and fourteen of the newly synthesized compounds showed considerable cytotoxicity. The assay results were used to establish structure-activity relationships. These results suggest that the acetyl group moiety on the imine nitrogen, and the bromine at position 5 of the indole, are both critical to activity.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/56023engMedicaments antineoplàsticsSíntesi de fàrmacsAlcaloidesMetabòlits marinsAntineoplastic agentsDrug synthesisAlkaloidsMarine metabolitesTotal synthesis and antiproliferative activity screening of (±)-aplicyanins A, B and E and related analogs
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2380702017-05-23T04:55:56Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe design and synthesis of Lamellarin D conjugates with a nuclear localization signal peptide and a poly(ethylene glycol)-based dendrimer are described. Conjugates 1-4 were obtained in 8-84% overall yields from the corresponding protected Lamellarin D. Conjugates 1 and 4 are 1.4 to 3.3-fold more cytotoxic than the parent compound against three human tumor cell lines(MDA-MB-231 breast, A-549 lung, and HT-29 colon). Besides, conjugates 3, 4 showed a decrease in activity potency in BJ skin fibroblasts, a normal cell culture. Cellular internalization was analyzed and nuclear distribution pattern was observed for 4, which contains a nuclear localization signalling sequence.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/56025engCompostos heterocíclicsMedicaments antineoplàsticsProductes naturals marinsTransport biològicIsoquinolinaHeterocyclic compoundsAntineoplastic agentsMarine natural productsBiological transportIsoquinolineLamellarin D bioconjugates II: synthesis and cellular internalization of dendrimer and nuclear location signal derivatives
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2380722017-05-23T04:55:58Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcSeveral analogs of the cytotoxic thiopeptide IB-01211 or Mechercharmycin A (1) have been synthetized. The cytotoxicity of 1 and the synthetized analogs was evaluated against a panel of three human tumor cell lines. Thiopeptide 1 and the most active derivatives, 2 and 3c, were chosen for further studies like effects on cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, the inhibition of cell division and activation of a programmed cell death by apoptosis was detected.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/56045engCompostos heterocíclicsMedicaments antineoplàsticsSíntesi de pèptidsEspectroscòpia de ressonància magnètica nuclearHeterocyclic compoundsAntineoplastic agentsPeptide synthesisNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopySynthesis and antitumor activity of mechercharmycin A analogues
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2381682017-05-23T04:55:59Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcMephedrone is a drug of abuse marketed as 'bath salts'. There are discrepancies concerning its long-term effects. We have investigated the neurotoxicity of mephedrone in mice following different exposition schedules. Schedule 1: four doses of 50 mg/kg. Schedule 2: four doses of 25 mg/kg. Schedule 3: three daily doses of 25 mg/kg, for two consecutive days. All schedules induced, in some animals, an aggressive behavior and hyperthermia as well as a decrease in weight gain. Mephedrone (schedule 1) induced dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotoxicity that persisted 7 days after exposition. At a lower dose (schedule 2) only a transient dopaminergic injury was found. In the weekend consumption pattern (schedule 3), mephedrone induced dopamine and serotonin transporter loss that was accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 expression one week after exposition. Also, mephedrone induced a depressive-like behavior, as well as a reduction in striatal D2 density, suggesting higher susceptibility to addictive drugs. In cultured cortical neurons, mephedrone induced a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. Using repeated doses for 2 days in an elevated ambient temperature we evidenced a loss of frontal cortex dopaminergic and hippocampal serotoninergic neuronal markers that suggest injuries at nerve endings.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/56203engAmfetaminesLòbul frontalNeurotoxicologiaRatolins (Animals de laboratori)Sistema nerviós centralAmphetaminesFrontal lobeNeurotoxicologyMice (Laboratory animals)Central nervous systemDose and time-dependent selective neurotoxicity induced by mephedrone in mice.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2382312017-05-23T04:56:00Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe marine alkaloid, Lamellarin D (Lam-D), has shown potent cytotoxicity in numerous cancer cell lines, and was recently identified as a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. A library of open lactone analogs of Lam-D was prepared from a methyl 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-3- carboxylate scaffold (1) by introducing various aryl groups through sequential and regioselective bromination, followed by Pd(0)-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling chemistry. The compounds were obtained in a 24-44% overall yield, and tested in a panel of three human tumor cell lines, MDA-MB- 231 (breast), A-549 (lung), and HT-29 (colon), to evaluate their cytotoxic potential. From these data the SAR study concluded that more than 75% of the open-chain Lam-D analogs tested showed cytotoxicity in a low micromolar GI50 range.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/56314engAlcaloidesProductes naturals marinsCompostos heterocíclicsMedicaments antineoplàsticsIsoquinolinaAlkaloidsMarine natural productsHeterocyclic compoundsAntineoplastic agentsIsoquinolineSynthesis and structure - Activity relationship study of potent cytotoxic analogues of the marine alkaloid Lamellarin D
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2098662017-05-23T04:56:01Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibition by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is related to a shift towards increased glycolysis during cardiac pathological processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The transcription factors estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) regulate PDK4 expression through the potent transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). NF-κB activation in AC16 cardiac cells inhibit ERRα and PPARβ/δ transcriptional activity, resulting in reduced PGC-1α and PDK4 expression, and an enhanced glucose oxidation rate. However, addition of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide to these cells prevents the downregulation of PDK4 expression but not ERRα and PPARβ/δ DNA binding activity, thus suggesting that additional transcription factors are regulating PDK4. Interestingly, a recent study has demonstrated that the transcription factor E2F1, which is crucial for cell cycle control, may regulate PDK4 expression. Given that NF-κB may antagonize the transcriptional activity of E2F1 in cardiac myocytes, we sought to study whether inflammatory processes driven by NF-κB can downregulate PDK4 expression in human cardiac AC16 cells through E2F1 inhibition. Protein coimmunoprecipitation indicated that PDK4 downregulation entailed enhanced physical interaction between the p65 subunit of NF-κB and E2F1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that p65 translocation into the nucleus prevented the recruitment of E2F1 to the PDK4 promoter and its subsequent E2F1-dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide prevented the inhibition of E2F1, while E2F1 overexpression reduced interleukin expression in stimulated cardiac cells. Based on these findings, we propose that NF-κB acts as a molecular switch that regulates E2F1-dependent PDK4 gene transcription.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34533engCorMiocardiFisiologia cel·lularProteïnesTranscripció genèticaCèl·lules muscularsHeartMyocardiumCell physiologyProteinsGenetic transcriptionMuscle cellsThe Interplay between NF-kappaB and E2F1 Coordinately Regulates Inflammation and Metabolism in Human Cardiac Cells
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2388492017-05-23T04:56:02Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThiopeptides, or thiazolyl peptides, are a relatively new family of antibiotics that already counts with more than one hundred different entities. Although they are mainly isolated from soil bacteria, during the last decade, new members have been isolated from marine samples. Far from being limited to their innate antibacterial activity, thiopeptides have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antiplasmodial, immunosuppressive, etc. In spite of their ribosomal origin, these highly posttranslationally processed peptides have posed a fascinating synthetic challenge, prompting the development of various methodologies and strategies. Regardless of their limited solubility, intensive investigations are bringing thiopeptide derivatives closer to the clinic, where they are likely to show their veritable therapeutic potential.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/57126engSíntesi orgànicaAntibiòticsProductes naturalsPèptidsOrganic synthesisAntibioticsNatural productsPeptidesThiopeptide antibiotics: retrospective and recent advances
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2404322017-05-23T04:56:02Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcRationale Methylone, a new drug of abuse sold as"bath salts' has similar effects to ecstasy or cocaine. Objective We have investigated changes in dopaminergic and serotoninergic markers, indicative of neuronal damage, induced by methylone in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum of mice and according two different treatment schedules. Methods Methylone was given subcutaneously to male Swiss CD1 mice and at an ambient temperature of 26ºC. Treatment A: three doses of 25 mg/Kg at 3.5 h interval between doses for two consecutive days. Treatment B: four doses of 25 mg/Kg at 3 h interval in one day. Results Repeated methylone administration induced hyperthermia and a significant loss in body weight. Following treatment A, methylone induced transient dopaminergic (frontal cortex) and serotoninergic (hippocampus) impairment. Following treatment B, transient dopaminergic (frontal cortex) and serotonergic (frontal cortex and hippocampus) changes 7 days after treatment were found. We found evidence of astrogliosis in the CA1 and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus following treatment B. The animals also showed an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test, pointing to a depressive-like behavior. In cultured cortical neurons, methylone (for 24 and 48 h) did not induce a remarkable cytotoxic effect. Conclusions The neural effects of methylone differ depending upon the treatment schedule. Neurochemical changes elicited by methylone are apparent when administered at an elevated ambient temperature, four times per day at 3 h intervals, which is in accordance with its short half-life.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/58167engDroguesEfectes fisiològicsNeurotoxicologiaEscorça cerebralLòbul frontalHipocamp (Cervell)Drugs of abusePhysiological effectNeurotoxicologyCerebral cortexFrontal lobeHippocampus (Brain)Repeated doses of methylone, a new drug of abuse, induce changes in serotonin and dopamine systems in the mouse
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2438882017-05-23T04:56:07Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcReactions of 2-acetylindole enolate with unsaturated oxazolopiperidones 3, 4 and 10 unexpectedly gives pentacyclic dilactams 6, 7 and 11, respectively, resulting from a domino-type process involving two successive conjugate additions and a final cyclization.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/61084engCompostos heterocíclicsLactamesSíntesi asimètricaHeterocyclic compoundsLactamsAsymmetric synthesisUnsaturated Oxazolopiperidone Lactams: an Unexpected Domino-type Double Conjugate Addition<br>cyclization Process
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2104322017-05-23T04:56:12Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcUsing simplified model derivatives, the assembly of the macrocyclic rings of madangamines, including the 13- and 14-membered D rings of madangamines C-E, the all-cis-triunsaturated 15-membered D ring of madangamine A, and the (Z,Z)-unsaturated 11-membered E ring common to madangamines A-E, has been studied.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34544engAlcaloidesModels molecularsCompostos heterocíclicsProcessos químicsAlkaloidsMolecular modelsHeterocyclic compoundsChemical processesModel studies on the synthesis of madangamine alkaloids. Assembly of the macrocyclic rings
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2459212017-05-23T04:56:14Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcSugar intake has dramatically increased during the last few decades. Specifically, there has been a clear trend towards higher consumption of fructose and high fructose corn syrup, which are the most common added sugars in processed food, soft drinks and other sweetened beverages. Although still controversial, this rising trend in simple sugar consumption has been positively associated with weight gain and obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Interestingly, all of these metabolic alterations have also been related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence coming from epidemiological studies and data from animal models relating the consumption of simple sugars, and specifically fructose, with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and to gain insight into the putative molecular mechanisms involved.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/62165engFructosaMalalties del fetgeCàncer de fetgeObesitatResistència a la insulinaFructoseLiver diseasesLiver cancerObesityInsulin resistanceSimple sugar intake and hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological and mechanistic insight
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2500532017-05-23T04:56:20Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAbstract Kainic acid (KA) causes seizures and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The present study investigated whether a recreational schedule of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) favours the development of a seizure state in a model of KA-induced epilepsy and potentiates the toxicity profile of KA (20 or 30 mg/kg). Adolescent male C57BL/6 mice received saline or MDMA t.i.d. (s.c. every 3 h), on 1 day a week, for 4 consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last MDMA exposure, the animals were injected with saline or KA (20 or 30 mg/kg). After this injection, we evaluated seizures, hippocampal neuronal cell death, microgliosis, astrogliosis, and calcium binding proteins. MDMA pretreatment, by itself, did not induce neuronal damage but increased seizure susceptibility in all KA treatments and potentiated the presence of Fluoro-Jade-positive cells in CA1. Furthermore, MDMA, like KA, significantly decreased parvalbumin levels in CA1 and dentate gyrus, where it potentiated the effects of KA. The amphetamine derivative also promoted a transient decrease in calbindin and calretinin levels, indicative of an abnormal neuronal discharge. In addition, treatment of cortical neurons with MDMA (10<br>50 μM) for 6 or 48 h significantly increased basal Ca2 +, reduced basal Na+ levels and potentiated kainate response. These results indicate that MDMA potentiates KA-induced neurodegeneration and also increases KA seizure susceptibility. The mechanism proposed includes changes in Calcium Binding Proteins expression, probably due to the disruption of intracellular ionic homeostasis, or/and an indirect effect through glutamate release.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65528engAl·lucinògensAmfetaminesCompostos heterocíclicsEpilèpsiaNeurotoxicologiaRatolins (Animals de laboratori)Sistema nerviós centralHallucinogenic drugsAmphetaminesHeterocyclic compoundsEpilepsyNeurotoxicologyMice (Laboratory animals)Central nervous system3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances kainic acid convulsive susceptibility
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2500542017-05-23T04:56:21Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcMethylone is a cathinone derivative that has recently emerged as a designer drug of abuse in Europe and the USA. Studies on the acute and long-term neurotoxicity of cathinones are starting to be conducted. We investigated the neurochemical/enzymatic changes indicative of neurotoxicity after methylone administration (4 × 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously, per day with 3 h intervals) to adolescent rats, to model human recreational use. In addition, we studied the effect of methylone on spatial learning ad memory using the Morris water maze paradigm. Our experiments were carried out at a high ambient temperature to simulate the hot conditions found in dance clubs where the drug is consumed. We observed a hyperthermic response to methylone that reached a peak 30 min after each dose. We determined a serotonergic impairment in methylone-treated rats, especially in the frontal cortex, where it was accompanied by astrogliosis. Some serotonergic alterations were also present in the hippocampus and striatum. No significant neurotoxic effect on the dopaminergic system was identified. Methylone-treated animals only displayed impairments in the probe trial of the Morris water maze, which concerns reference memory, while the spatial learning process seemed to be preserved.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65530engAmfetaminesNeurotoxicologiaSistema nerviós centralHipocamp (Cervell)Lòbul frontalRates (Animals de laboratori)Trastorns de la memòriaAmphetaminesNeurotoxicologyCentral nervous systemHippocampus (Brain)Frontal lobeRats as laboratory animalsMemory disordersSerotonergic impairment and memory deficits in adolescent rats after binge exposure of methylone
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2506552017-05-23T04:56:23Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcWe describe the multigram synthesis and in vivo efficacy studies of a donepezil‒huprine hybrid that has been found to display a promising in vitro multitarget profile of interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its synthesis features as the key step a novel multigram preparative chromatographic resolution of intermediate racemic huprine Y by chiral HPLC. Administration of this compound to transgenic CL4176 and CL2006 Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing human Aβ42, here used as simplified animal models of AD, led to a significant protection from the toxicity induced by Aβ42. However, this protective effect was not accompanied, in CL2006 worms, by a reduction of amyloid deposits. Oral administration for 3 months to transgenic APPSL mice, a well-established animal model of AD, improved short-term memory, but did not alter brain levels of Aβ peptides nor cortical and hippocampal amyloid plaque load. Despite the clear protective and cognitive effects of AVCRI104P4, the lack of Aβ lowering effect in vivo might be related to its lower in vitro potency toward Aβ aggregation and formation as compared with its higher anticholinesterase activities. Further lead optimization in this series should thus focus on improving the anti-amyloid/anticholinesterase activity ratio.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/65727engMalaltia d'AlzheimerDisseny de medicamentsQuímica farmacèuticaDianes farmacològiquesRatolins (Animals de laboratori)Alzheimer's diseaseDrug designPharmaceutical chemistryDrug targetingMice (Laboratory animals)Multigram synthesis and in vivo efficacy studies of a novel multitarget anti-Alzheimer's compound
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2099672017-05-23T04:56:28Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcAn enantioselective route to cis-perhydroisoquinolines, involving a cyclocondensation reaction of (R)-phenylglycinol with a racemic oxoester, a stereoselective conjugate addition to an unsaturated bicyclic lactam, and the closure of the carbocyclic ring by a ring-closing metathesis as the key steps is reported. This route allows the preparation of 3-cyano derivatives as well as cis-octahydroisoquinolines bearing a quaternary center at the C4-position.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/34586engIsoquinolinaIsoquinolineAn enantioselective entry to cis-perhydroisoquinolines
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2574142017-05-23T04:56:30Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dc4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) has recently emerged as a designer drug of abuse in Europe and it is consumed always with amphetamine. There have been reported some deaths and non-fatal intoxications related to 4-MA. We investigated the changes in locomotor activity and body temperature after 4-MA administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our experiments were carried out at a normal or high ambient temperature. 4-MA (2.5-10 mg/Kg, given subcutaneously) increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the horizontal locomotor activity that was significantly reduced by ketanserin, p-cholorophenylalanine (pCPA) or haloperidol, but not by pindolol. In addition, we have studied the effect of 4-MA on core body temperature by means of an implanted electronic thermograph, enabling continuous measurement of body temperature. We observed a dose-dependent hypothermic response to 4-MA that reached a maximum 45 min after a single injection. We also evidenced slight tachyphylaxis to the hypothermic effect when 4-MA was administered four times in a 2 h interval. The pre-treatment of animals with pCPA or pindolol, but not with ketanserin, fully abolished the hypothermic effect of 4-MA. With all that, we conclude that hypothermia induced by 4-MA is due to the release of 5-HT which activates postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/68592engAmfetaminesFarmacologiaHipotèrmiaSistema nerviós centralSerotoninaAmphetaminesPharmacologyHypothermiaCentral nervous systemSerotoninSerotonin is involved in the psychostimulant and hypothermic effect of 4-methylamphetamine in rats.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2582882017-05-23T04:56:32Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcSynthetic organic chemistry is based on the concourse of reagents and catalysts to achieve the clean formation of new bonds and appropriate protecting groups are required to prevent the formation of undesired bonds and side-reactions. Thus a promising synthetic strategy can be jeopardized if the corresponding protecting groups are not properly chosen.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/69570engAminoàcidsQuímica orgànicaAminesÀcids carboxílicsSulfursPèptidsAmino acidsOrganic chemistryAminesCarboxylic acidsSulfidesPeptidesAmino acid-protecting groups
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2603002017-05-23T04:56:33Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcNew pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines that have aryl groups at the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions were prepared by the arylation reaction of 4-chloro-7-methyl-2-(methylthio)-6-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6) and the corresponding arylboronic acid under Suzuki-Miyaura conditions followed by a second arylation under Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling conditions. A parallel study that began with the C-2 chemoselective arylation of 6 under Liebeskind-Srogl conditions followed by a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling at C-4 was carried out, and the results of each route were compared. All of the tranformations were performed under microwave irradiation.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/96646engCompostos heterocíclicsNitrogenQuímica orgànicaReaccions químiquesHeterocyclic compoundsNitrogenOrganic chemistryChemical reactionsA strategy for the triarylation of pyrrolopyrimidines by using microwave-promoted cross-coupling reactions
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2603722017-05-23T04:56:36Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcCinacalcet hydrochloride is the only approved drug acting as calcimimetic, a new class of compds. used in the therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. Several generic drug manufacturers and research groups from academia have reported alternative approaches to this mol., mainly from (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine. There are mainly three strategies that have been used to couple this readily accessible enantiopure amine to the other part of the mol.: amide formation followed by redn., reaction with an aldehyde and redn. of the resulting imine, and nucleophilic substitution with a suitable partner that carries a leaving group. More exotic approaches have also been disclosed. In the present review all of them are discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Synthetic Approaches Involving the Synthesis of an Amide Followed by Its Redn. 2.1 Approaches Involving Satd. Amide 2 from Acid 32.2 Approaches Involving Acrylamide 52.3 Alternatives Approaches Involving Amides 3 Synthetic Approaches Involving a Reductive Amination 3.1 Processes for the Synthesis of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)cinnamaldehyde (18) and 3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanal (20) 3.2 Processes Involving 183.3 Processes Involving 204 Synthetic Approaches Involving a Substitution Reaction 4.1 Substitutions Involving Alkyl Halides or Pseudohalides 4.2 Substitutions Involving Allyl Halides or Pseudohalides 4.3 Substitution Involving a Propynyl Mesylate 4.4 Direct Substitution without Activating the Hydroxyl Group 5 Misc. Synthetic Approaches 6 Conclusions.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/96772engAmidesAminesMedicamentsAmidesAminesDrugsSynthesis of cinacalcet: an enantiopure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2103782017-05-23T04:56:40Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA synthetic route to enantiopure cis-2,4-disubstituted and 2,4-bridged piperidines is reported, the key step being a stereoselective conjugate addition of an organocuprate to a phenylglycinol-derived unsaturated lactam bearing a substituent at the 8a-position.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/36346engCompostos organometàl·licsCoureSíntesi orgànicaLactamesOrganometallic compoundsCopperSynthetic organic chemistryLactamsAn enantioselective synthetic route to cis-2,4-disubstituted and 2,4-bridged piperidines
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2621922017-05-23T04:56:42Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA variety of (R)-phenylglycinol-derived oxazolopiperidone lactams 1-14 were converted to linear-chain enantiopure amino diols 15-26 by reduction with LiNH2BH3 in an unprecedented process involving the simultaneous reductive opening of the oxazolidine and lactam rings. Subsequent removal of the phenylethanol moiety gave enantiopure 5-amino-1-pentanols bearing substituents at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 2,2-, 2,3- 2,4- and 3,4-positions (28-36), which were isolated as their N-Boc derivatives.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/98971engSíntesi orgànicaSíntesi asimètricaReducció químicaLactamesOrganic synthesisAsymmetric synthesisReduction (Chemistry)LactamsA general method for the synthesis of enantiopure 1,5-amino alcohols
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2623762017-05-23T04:56:45Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcUp to four stereocenters with a well-defined configuration are generated in a single synthetic step by the cyclocondensation of (R)-phenylglycinol or (1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol with stereoisomeric mixtures (racemates, meso forms, diastereoisomers) of cyclohexanone-based δ-keto-acid and δ-keto-diacid derivatives in enantio- and diastereoconvergent processes that involve dynamic kinetic resolution and/or desymmetrization of enantiotopic groups. A detailed analysis of the stereochemical outcome of this process is presented. This method provides easy access to enantiopure 8- and 6,8-substituted cis-decahydroquinolines, including alkaloids of the myrioxazine family.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/99269engQuímica orgànicaAlcaloidesSíntesi asimètricaLactamesCompostos heterocíclicsOrganic chemistryAlkaloidsAsymmetric synthesisLactamsHeterocyclic compoundsEnantio- and Diastereoconvergent Cyclocondensation Reactions: Synthesis of Enantiopure cis-Decahydroquinolines.
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2702192017-05-23T04:56:48Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcFluvirucins are bioactive macrolactam glycosides isolated from actinomycetes. This review gives an overview of this family of natural products, covering isolation, biological activities, biosynthesis, and total synthesis. The synthesis of fluvirucins and their aglycons, the fluvirucinins, is presented, paying special attention to the synthetic strategy and stereochemical aspects. 1 Introduction 2 Isolation, Biological Activity, and Biosynthesis 3 Synthetic Approaches 3.1 Closure of the 14-Membered Ring by Ring-Closing Metathesis 3.2 Closure of the 14-Membered Ring by Macrolactamization 3.3 Construction of the 14-Membered Ring by Aza-Claisen Ring Expansion 4 Conclusionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/104863engLactamesGlucòsidsLactamsGlucosidesSynthesis of fluvirucins and their aglycons, the fluvirucinins
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2105552017-05-23T04:56:50Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcStarting from (S)-tryptophanol, a formal synthesis of ent-rhyncho-phylline and ent-isorhynchophylline, involving stereoselective cyclocondensation, spirocyclization, and alkylation reactions, and the final adjustment of the oxidation level at the oxindole and piperidine moieties, is reported.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/36425engAlcaloidesSíntesi asimètricaEstereoquímicaAlkaloidsAsymmetric synthesisStereochemistryEnantioselective formal synthesis of ent-rhynchophylline and ent-isorhynchophylline
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2812162017-05-23T04:56:53Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcPractical stereoselective synthetic routes to the antihistaminic drug olopatadine and its E-isomer have been developed, the key steps being a trans stereoselective Wittig olefination using a nonstabilized phosphorus ylide and a stereoselective Heck cyclization. The stereoselectivity of the Wittig reaction depends on both the phosphonium salt anion and the cation present in the base used to generate the ylide.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/107829engAntihistamínicsEstructura molecularSíntesi orgànicaAntihistaminesMolecular structureOrganic synthesisStereoselective syntheses of the antihistaminic drug olopatadine and its E-isomer
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2812952017-05-23T04:56:54Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcFrogs of the neotropical family Dendrobatidae produce a remarkably diverse array of biologically active alkaloids. One of the major classes of these amphibian alkaloids[1] are the decahydroquinolines, which have been isolated not only from skin extracts of dendrobatid and mantelline frogs,[2] but also from bufonid toads,[3] tunicates,[4] marine flatworms,[4b] and myrmicine ants.[5] They possess either a cis or trans decahydroquinoline ring fusion, with a side-chain substituent at both the C2 and C5 positions and, in the lepadin series,[4] an acylated hydroxy group at the C3 position. The most representative decahydroquinoline alkaloid is cis-195A (formerly called pumiliotoxin C), first isolated in 1969 from a Panamanian population of Dendrobates pumilio. [6] The source of amphibian alkaloids remains an unresolved and challenging question,[1] in particular after the discovery that some of these alkaloids also occur in ants, thus strengthening a dietary hypothesis for their origin in frogs.[5] Although there are no conclusive studies concerning the biosynthesis of these toxins and, consequently, little is known about the biosynthetic pathways, there has been speculation as to possible derivation from the polyketide route by aminocyclization of polycarbonyl intermediates (A), leading to either 2,5-disubstituted decahydroquinolines (C) or spiropiperidines (histrionicotoxins).[1a,b, 7] In accordance with this hypothesis, a plausible biosynthetic pathway to the decahydroquinoline class of dendrobatid alkaloids is depicted inhttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/108023engAlcaloidesAmfibisBiomimèticaAlkaloidsAmphibiansBiomimeticsA Biomimetic Enantioselective Approach to the Decahydroquinoline Class of Dendrobatid Alkaloids
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2812962017-05-23T04:56:55Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcThe marine alkaloids (-)-lepadins A-C and (+)-lepadin D, belonging to two diastereoisomeric series, were synthesized from an (R)-phenylglycinol-derived tricyclic lactam via a common cis-decahydroquinoline intermediate. Crucial aspects of the synthesis are the stereochemical control in the assembly of the cis-decahydroquinoline platform, in the introduction of the C2 methyl and C3 hydroxy substituents, and in the generation of the C5 stereocenter.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/108026engAlcaloidesLactamesCompostos heterocíclicsSíntesi asimètricaAlkaloidsLactamsHeterocyclic compoundsAsymmetric synthesisEnantioselective synthesis of lepadins A D from a phenylglycinol-derived hydroquinolone lactam
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2812972017-05-23T04:56:55Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA concise synthesis of the marine alkaloids ()-lepadins A-C from a phenylglycinol-derived tricyclic lactam is reported. Key steps from the stereochemical standpoint involve stereoselective cyclocondensation, double bond hydrogenation, oxazolidine opening, hydroboration- oxidation, and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/108043engAlcaloidesLactamesFarmacologiaAlkaloidsLactamsPharmacologyStereoselectivesynthesis of (-)-lepadins A-C
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2812982017-05-23T04:56:56Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcCyclocondensation of (R)-phenylglycinol with stereoisomeric mixtures (racemates, cis/trans) of 3-substituted 2- oxocyclohexaneacetates stereoselectively afforded tricyclic oxazoloindolone lactams, from which straightforward procedures for the stereocontrolled formation of enantiopure 7-substituted octahydroindoles with a variety of stereochemical patterns have been developed. The methodology has been successfully applied to the synthesis of (+)-α-lycorane.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/108046engLactamesSíntesi asimètricaLactamsAsymmetric synthesisStereocontrolled access to enantiopure to enantiopure 7-substituted cis- and trans-octahydroindoles
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2855522017-05-23T04:56:58Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcA synthetic equivalent of the Nazarov reagent, the silyl derivative 2, able to undergo base-catalyzed double Michael addition reactions with a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, has been developed. The new reagent satisfactorily reacts with unsaturated indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine lactams to give pentacyclic yohimbinone-type derivatives.http://hdl.handle.net/2445/108108engIndicadors (Química)Proves i reactius químicsLactamesIndicators and test-papersChemical tests and reagentsLactamsPreparation and Double Michael Addition Reactions of a Synthetic Equivalent of Nazarov Reagent
oai:recercat.cat:2072/2859092017-06-06T01:43:22Zhdl_2072_171811 am 3u dcÉs evident que la unió d'un medicament a les estructures proteiques deis receptors té una gran importància per a l'activitat farmacològica del producte. Nogensmenys, cal no oblidar que les interaccions medicament-proteïna poden tenir lloc amb un gran nombre de proteïnes, cosa que regula l'absorció, distribució, metabolisme i excreció del medicament. ...http://hdl.handle.net/2445/111604catHematologiaFarmacologiaEfectes secundaris dels medicamentsBiocompatibilitatAlbúminesHematologyPharmacologyDrug side effectsBiocompatibilityAlbuminsModificacions en la unió de la glipentida a components hemàtics per efecte d'altres medicaments
0001-01-01T00:00:00Z/9999-12-31T23:59:59Z/hdl_2072_171810/marc/100